World Health Life

Closed and open fractures are usually divided into two major categories. Closed fracture of the skin and soft tissue is relatively complete, fracture and the outside world yet connected; fracture open fracture refers to a wound, fracture has been connected with the outside world. Fractures can occur in various parts of the body, but the most common or limb fracture.

Once the suspected fracture, the activities of the affected area should be minimized. Here are the five fracture first aid principles.

Save lives

Severe trauma the first principles of first aid are to save lives. Found the wounded heart, stop breathing has stopped or endangered, should be immediately closed chest cardiac massage and artificial respiration; unconscious patients to keep their airway open, timely and clear their or pharyngeal foreign body; patients with impaired consciousness can acupuncture its people, Baihui other points; open fracture wound wounded may have heavy bleeding, pressure bandage dressing is generally used to stop bleeding. Severe bleeding if the use of a tourniquet to stop bleeding, be sure to record the time to start using the tourniquet every 30 minutes should be relaxed 1 (each 30 to 60 seconds) to prevent limb necrosis. In case of life-threatening fractures above the patient should be quickly transported to hospital.

Wound treatment

Treatment of open wounds in addition to timely and appropriate to stop the bleeding, it should also immediately with a clean cloth or sterile gauze dressing the wound, the wound to prevent contamination. The wound surface of the foreign body to take down not exposed fracture into the wound to prevent pollution of deep tissue. With potassium permanganate and other conditions is the best disinfectant and then wash the wound dressing, fixed.

Simple fixed

On-site first aid fixed limbs timely and correct manner, can reduce the pain of the wounded and damage to surrounding tissue, but also to facilitate handling and transfer the wounded. However, the fixed first aid is temporary. Therefore, we should be simple and effective, does not require accurate reduction of fractures; open fractures with exposed bone ends were more appropriate reset, but should be fixed in situ. Emergency field from local materials, such as wooden sticks, planks, branches, sticks, or cardboard, etc. can be used as fixation devices, the length of the fracture to secure the upper and lower joints shall prevail. Can not find a hard object, such as fixed, can also be used with a cloth tied directly to the injured limb in the body, fractures of the upper limb can be fixed in the chest wall, so that the forearm hanging in the chest; fracture of the lower limbs can be fixed together with the healthy limb.

Necessary to relieve pain

After severe trauma, intense pain stimulation can cause shock, and should therefore be given the necessary pain medication. Such as oral painkillers, can also be injected analgesics such as morphine, pethidine 10 mg or 50 mg. But the brain, chest injury is not morphine, so as not to inhibit the respiratory center.

Safe transport

After the above scene by ambulance, should the wounded quickly, safely transported to the hospital. Transit should pay attention to the action of light stable, the injured limb to prevent vibration and break something in order to reduce the pain of the wounded; attention to its warm and appropriate activities.